Drivetrain-Integrated Combinatory AC–DC Charging of Electric Vehicles Using an ANFIS-Based DC-Link Controller

Abstract

A major component in accelerating the broad adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is a decrease in the time it takes to charge their batteries. The upfront and ongoing expenses of commercial off-board high-power DC fast-charging stations are rather substantial, whereas the typical on-board Type-1 and Type-2 AC chargers, with ratings ranging from 3.3 kW to 19 kW, need lengthy charging times. This research suggests a method to charge electric vehicle batteries faster using a combination of AC and DC currents. The suggested method allows for the use of both the on-board Type-2 AC charger and the drivetrain-integrated DC charger to charge the electric vehicle's battery at the same time. Using the neutral point (N) of the EV motor windings and the negative rail (O) of the drivetrain inverter, a DC input port (N(+), O(−)) is created for drivetrain-integrated DC charging. This DC input connector may receive electricity from DC microgrids that are based on renewable energy, solar roofs, and other electric vehicle batteries. By repurposing the motor windings as filter inductors, the electric vehicle's drivetrain inverter may be operated as an integrated interleaved DC-DC converter (IDC). In place of the traditional PI controller, an ANFIS-based DC-link voltage controller is suggested to guarantee adaptive and robust functioning while both AC and DC charging are occurring at the same time. The suggested controller regulates the common DC-link voltage while efficiently handling nonlinearities in the system and fluctuations in source and load circumstances. Through finite element method (FEM) co-simulation using ANSYS Maxwell and Simplorer, the performance of the electric vehicle motor and drivetrain-integrated DC charger is validated with the suggested ANFIS-based control system. In addition, a scaled experimental prototype is created to confirm that the combined AC-DC charging strategy is feasible and practical.