INTEGRATED FIRE PROTECTION AND CHARGE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR ENHANCED SAFETY IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERIES

Abstract

The increasing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) has highlighted the critical importance of safe and efficient battery management systems (BMS). This paper proposes an integrated EV BMS Fire Protection and Charge Monitoring System designed to enhance both safety and performance. The system introduces dual charging rate control, allowing users to select between fast and slow charging modes, thereby balancing convenience with thermal safety. Continuous monitoring of voltage, current, and temperature ensures proactive detection of abnormal conditions, with automatic disconnection of the charging circuit or load to prevent thermal runaway. A robust overcharge protection mechanism terminates charging once full capacity is reached, eliminating risks of overcharging and battery degradation. Real-time monitoring is facilitated through a 16×2 LCD display, providing users with actionable insights into battery health. Additionally, an emergency load disconnection feature safeguards against temperature spikes and overcurrent scenarios, adding another layer of protection. Unlike conventional BMS solutions that primarily focus on passive monitoring, the proposed system integrates fire protection, intelligent charge regulation, and real-time feedback, offering a proactive approach to EV battery safety. This comprehensive design not only improves reliability and efficiency but also contributes to the sustainability of EV technology by extending battery lifespan and reducing risks associated with high-energy storage systems. The proposed system represents a significant advancement in EV battery safety, positioning itself as a valuable contribution to the development of next-generation electric mobility solutions.