Dynamic Field-Coupled Energy Delivery System for Uninterrupted Electric Vehicle Propulsion

Abstract

Electric vehicles are rapidly gaining attention as a sustainable alternative to conventional transportation, yet their widespread adoption is still limited by challenges such as restricted driving range and long charging times. To address these issues, this work proposes an embedded IoT-based system that enables wireless charging of vehicles while they are in motion. By utilizing dynamic wireless power transfer, the system allows continuous and contactless energy delivery, reducing dependency on stationary charging infrastructure. The design is composed of two coordinated units: a transmitter integrated into the road surface and a receiver mounted on the vehicle. The transmitter unit, controlled by an ESP32 microcontroller, generates a high-frequency electromagnetic field through strategically placed coil segments. These segments are activated only when a vehicle is detected above them, with the help of a positioning mechanism that ensures efficient power transfer. An LCD interface provides real-time system monitoring. On the vehicle side, the receiver unit uses an Arduino Uno to manage energy collection through multiple coils placed beneath the chassis. Infrared sensors assist in detecting vehicle position and aligning the coils for optimal energy reception, after which the captured energy is regulated and used to charge the battery. This coordinated operation enhances energy efficiency by minimizing power wastage and supports uninterrupted vehicle operation. The system contributes toward the development of intelligent transportation infrastructure and offers a practical step toward continuous, on-the-move charging for electric vehicles.