REAL-TIME FIRE DETECTION AND AUTOMATED SUPPRESSION IN VEHICLES USING IOT TECHNOLOGY

Abstract

Vehicle fire accidents pose a significant threat to human life, property, and transportation
safety. These incidents can occur due to fuel leakage, electrical faults, overheating, or the presence of
combustible gases within the vehicle. Traditional fire safety methods rely heavily on manual detection
and response, which often leads to delayed action and severe damage. To address these limitations, this
paper presents an IoT-based smart fire detection and suppression system designed specifically for
vehicles.
The proposed system utilizes an ESP8266 microcontroller as the central unit to monitor
environmental conditions in real time. Multiple sensors, including a gas sensor, flame sensor, and
DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, are integrated to detect potential fire hazards at an early stage.
When abnormal conditions such as high temperature, gas leakage, or flame detection are identified, the
system immediately activates a buzzer alarm and triggers a relay mechanism to shut down the vehicle
engine, thereby preventing the spread of fire.
In addition to local response mechanisms, the system incorporates GSM and GPS modules for
remote alerting and location tracking. Alert messages containing real-time vehicle location are sent to the
vehicle owner or emergency contacts. Furthermore, an IoT-based web interface is developed for
continuous remote monitoring of sensor data. The system is powered using a solar panel and battery
setup, ensuring uninterrupted and energy-efficient operation.
Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system provides rapid detection, automated
response, and reliable communication, significantly enhancing vehicle fire safety. The integration of IoT
technology with multi-sensor monitoring offers an efficient, cost-effective, and scalable solution for
modern intelligent transportation systems.