BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLE (BEV’S) USING ESP32

Abstract

The continuous advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) has significantly transformed intelligent robotic systems by enabling efficient wireless communication and remote monitoring capabilities. This project presents the development and implementation of a Wi-Fi-controlled mobile robotic platform based on the ESP32 microcontroller, which serves as the primary processing and communication unit. Unlike conventional Bluetooth-based robotic systems that are constrained by short communication distances, the proposed design employs Wi-Fi connectivity combined with a high-gain external antenna to achieve improved signal coverage, enhanced communication stability, and reliable operation across larger indoor and outdoor environments. The locomotion mechanism is powered by high-torque 100 RPM DC geared motors driven through a dedicated motor driver module, ensuring smooth navigation, directional accuracy, and consistent performance under varying operating conditions. An SG90 servo motor is integrated into the system to provide accurate angular positioning for movable attachments such as a camera platform, robotic gripper, or sensor assembly, thereby increasing the adaptability of the robotic platform. To support onboard data management, a Micro SD card module is incorporated for storing operational logs, sensor readings, navigation information, and multimedia data, ensuring that important information remains available even during temporary network interruptions. The dual-core architecture of the ESP32 efficiently separates wireless communication tasks from real-time motor and peripheral control, thereby minimizing processing delays and improving system responsiveness. The control interface is developed using the Arduino IDE and implemented through an asynchronous web server, allowing users to operate the robot from any standard web browser without requiring additional software installation. This study discusses the complete hardware integration, software architecture, wireless communication methodology, and power management techniques employed in the robotic system. Experimental evaluation confirms that the ESP32- based architecture equipped with an external antenna delivers superior communication range, faster response time, and improved operational reliability compared to traditional microcontroller-based robotic platforms. The proposed system offers a flexible, economical, and scalable solution for applications including intelligent surveillance, industrial inspection, autonomous material transport, agricultural monitoring, disaster response, and remote environmental data collection.