IOT-Enabled Smart Protection System for Three-Phase Networks with Real-Time Cloud Monitoring

Abstract

The original microcontroller-based system provided robust, localized overvoltage and overPIC18F2550 and a Visual Basic current protection for three-phase electrical networks using a GUI for control. This enhanced project retains the core safety mechanism— fast, transistor driven relay activation for fault isolation — but integrates a powerful IoT layer for remote monitoring and control. By replacing or augmenting the PIC microcontroller with a Wi-Fi capable module (e.g., ESP32), the system pushes real-time voltage and current measurements to the Firebase Realtime Database. A custom-built mobile application, developed using MIT App Inventor, allows users to monitor the status, view sensor data, and receive instant push notifications when a fault (over-voltage or over-current) is detected. This upgrade enhances system reliability and user interaction by providing access to the critical data remotely, moving beyond the limitation of the local Windows-based GUI.