Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Smart Power Monitoring and Overload Protection System

Abstract

The increasing demand for electrical energy and the rapid growth of electrical appliances have created a need for intelligent power monitoring and protection systems. Traditional energy meters mainly provide total energy consumption for billing purposes and lack real-time monitoring, remote accessibility, and automatic protection features. This paper presents the design and implementation of an IoTbased smart power monitoring and overload protection system that enables continuous monitoring of electrical parameters and enhances electrical safety. The proposed system uses an ESP32 microcontroller integrated with a PZEM-004T energy sensor to measure key electrical parameters such as voltage, current, power, and energy consumption in real time. The measured data is processed by the ESP32 and transmitted to a cloud platform using IoT technology, allowing users to monitor electrical parameters remotely through a web dashboard. An automatic overload protection mechanism is incorporated using a relay module that disconnects the electrical load when the current exceeds a predefined threshold, preventing equipment damage and electrical hazards. Additionally, the system provides real-time status updates through an LCD display and sends instant alert notifications to users during abnormal conditions. The developed system provides a cost-effective, reliable, and intelligent solution for monitoring and protecting electrical systems in residential, commercial, and industrial environments, while improving energy awareness and safety.