Stability Analysis Of Grid Forming Power Control For Reliable Energy Systems

Abstract

In an effort to achieve stable system functioning, grid-forming inverters (GFMs) are being introduced, which are similar to synchronous generators (SGs). Paradoxically, in high short circuit ratio (SCR) situations, GFMs have unstable output characteristics, despite their intended replacement of conventional grid-following inverters (GFLs)—which introduces system inertia and considerably adds to fault current. Implementing a mathematical plant model of the fundamental GFM structure and integrating grid-connected GFM and the system's SCR for grid dynamics maintenance are both covered in this study. To achieve this goal, we provide a SIMO model of an APC-enabled GFM for use in assessing the stability of the grid during intermittent power outages, as well as a system frequency response model that takes into account the dynamic performance of both the SG and the GFM. It was also set up so that APC could mimic big grid events. An existing APC approach, such as droop or virtual synchronous machine (VSM), is compared to the proposed APC's performance in terms of step response and frequency response characteristics. Stable operation may be anticipated by actively assembling the controller during the SCR, which continually changes in both small and big grid events, according to simulation findings obtained using MATLAB and PSS/e.