Barcode Modulation Method for Data Transmission in Mobile Devices

Abstract

The concept of 2-D barcodes is of great relevance for use in wireless data transmission between handheld electronic devices. In a typical setup, any file on a cell phone, for example, can be transferred to a second cell phone through a series of images on the LCD which are then captured and decoded through the camera of the second cell phone. In this study, a new approach for data modulation in 2-D barcodes is introduced, and its performance is evaluated in comparison to other standard methods of barcode modulation. In this new approach, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation is used together with differential phase shift keying (DPSK) over adjacent frequency domain elements. A specific aim of this study is to establish a system that is proven tolerant to camera movements, picture blur, and light leakage within neighboring pixels of an LCD system. Experimental simulations indicate that under nonuniform illumination and geometric distortions, the adaptive binarization framework achieves a high recognition accuracy of 90%, outperforming classical OTSU and bimodal thresholding approaches in visual computation latency and pixel-level restoration