A GSM-GPS Integrated Architecture for Automated Accident Reporting and Emergency Assistance

Abstract

Road traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of fatalities and severe injuries worldwide, with many deaths occurring due to delayed emergency response and the lack of timely medical assistance. To address this challenge, this project proposes an Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Accident Detection and Emergency Rescue System using Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Global Positioning System (GPS). The system is a real-time embedded safety solution designed to automatically detect vehicle accidents, identify the exact accident location, and instantly notify emergency services and family members. The proposed system is built around an ESP32 (Espressif 32-bit Microcontroller) and integrates a Vibration Sensor (VS) for crash impact detection, an Ultrasonic Sensor (US) for obstacle proximity monitoring, and a GPS module for real-time vehicle location tracking. Upon accident confirmation, the ESP32 activates multiple response mechanisms, including a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) to show accident status and location information, a buzzer for local audible alerts, and a GSM module to transmit Short Message Service (SMS) notifications containing the live GPS location link to pre-registered emergency contacts. Simultaneously, accident details and location information are uploaded to an IoT cloud platform for remote monitoring and event logging. Powered by a regulated power supply, the proposed system operates autonomously without human intervention, reducing emergency response time, improving rescue efficiency, and enhancing road safety for private vehicles, commercial fleets, and public transportation systems