Smart Green Corridor System for Emergency Vehicle Traffic Management in Urban Cities using Zigbee

Abstract

Traffic congestion in urban cities poses critical challenges for emergency vehicle mobility, often resulting in life-threatening delays. This paper presents a Smart Green Corridor System for Emergency Vehicle Traffic Management using Zigbee wireless communication technology. The proposed system employs a dual-unit architecture: a transmitter unit built around an ESP32 microcontroller mounted inside the emergency vehicle, and a receiver unit based on an Arduino microcontroller installed at traffic signal junctions. When an emergency vehicle approaches a junction, the operator selects the vehicle's direction (North, South, East, or West) via push buttons on the ESP32 transmitter. The selection is displayed on a 16×2 LCD and transmitted wirelessly through a Zigbee-TX module to the junction receiver. The Arduino-based receiver unit, upon receiving the Zigbee signal, immediately activates the green signal for the emergency vehicle's direction while switching all remaining directions to red, creating an unobstructed green corridor. Experimental results confirm successful real-time wireless signal switching with a response time of under one second, accurate LCD status display, and reliable Zigbee communication. The system reduces emergency response time, minimizes manual traffic police intervention, and provides a low-cost, scalable solution suitable for smart city traffic management.