IoT-Enabled Smart Aquaponics System for Sustainable Fish Farming and Agriculture

Abstract

This paper presents an IoT-Enabled Smart Aquaponics System using the ESP32 microcontroller to automate and monitor water quality and feeding processes in aquaculture environments. The system integrates multiple sensors and actuators including a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, pH sensor, turbidity sensor, ultrasonic water-level sensor, and a RealTime Clock (RTC) module for scheduled operations. Key actuators include a servo motor for automated fish feeding, inlet and outlet water pumps for water quality regulation, a 16x2 LCD for local display, a buzzer for alerts, and Bluetooth and IoT modules for local and remote communication. The ESP32 microcontroller serves as the central processing unit coordinating all subsystems. Cloud-based IoT connectivity enables remote monitoring and control of the aquaponics environment. Experimental results confirm successful real-time data acquisition, automated feeding, controlled water circulation, and cloud data logging. The proposed system offers a low-cost, scalable, and intelligent solution for sustainable fish farming aligned with modern smart agriculture principles.