REAL-TIME ANIMAL INTRUSION DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR AGRICULTURAL FIELDS USING SENSORS AND CONTROLLER

Abstract

Human–animal conflict in agricultural regions has become a critical issue, leading to significant crop damage and economic loss for farmers. This paper presents the design and implementation of an IoT-based animal intrusion detection and alert system aimed at enhancing farm security. The proposed system utilizes a NodeMCU microcontroller integrated with infrared (IR) sensors, a GSM communication module, an LCD display, and a buzzer to detect and respond to animal movements in real time. Multiple IR sensors are strategically deployed around the farm boundary to continuously monitor intrusion activity. When an animal crosses the sensing region, the system detects the interruption and triggers immediate responses. A buzzer is activated to deter the animal, while the GSM module sends an instant SMS alert to the farmer, enabling quick intervention. Additionally, the NodeMCU hosts a webbased interface through its built-in Wi-Fi capability, allowing remote monitoring of system status and sensor activity. The proposed system is cost-effective, energy-efficient, and easy to deploy, making it highly suitable for rural and remote agricultural environments. Unlike traditional methods such as manual guarding or electric fencing, the system provides automated monitoring, real-time alerts, and remote accessibility. The integration of IoT technology with communication modules enhances reliability and scalability. This work demonstrates a practical approach toward smart agriculture by reducing crop losses and improving farm security through intelligent monitoring systems.