Automated Aquaculture System Using ESP32 with IoT for Efficient Water Quality and Feeding Management

Abstract

The increasing demand for sustainable aquaculture and global fish production has led to significant technological advancements, with aquaculture contributing over 50% of the world’s seafood supply and expected to grow at more than 5% annually. However, poor water quality and inefficient feeding practices account for nearly 30% of productivity loss in fish farming, emphasizing the need for intelligent monitoring systems. Traditional fish farming methods rely heavily on manual observation and periodic maintenance, which often leads to inconsistent water conditions, overfeeding or underfeeding, increased operational costs, and higher mortality rates. Additionally, the lack of realtime monitoring and data-driven decision-making reduces efficiency and sustainability. To address these challenges, the proposed IoT smart fish farming system utilizes the ESP32 microcontroller to enable an automated and intelligent aquaculture management solution. The system integrates temperature, humidity, and turbidity sensors to continuously monitor water conditions, while an RTC module ensures scheduled and precise feeding through an automated feed motor. Inlet and outlet pumps dynamically regulate water quality, maintaining a healthy aquatic environment. An LCD display provides real-time local visualization, and Bluetooth connectivity enables nearby monitoring, while IoT integration allows remote access, data logging, and control through cloud platforms. This smart system reduces manual intervention, enhances operational efficiency, improves fish health and productivity, and supports sustainable aquaculture practices through intelligent automation and realtime environmental management.