Design and Implementation of an Autonomous Fire Suppression Robot Using ESP32-CAM with High-Torque Mobility and Real-Time Monitoring

Abstract

This paper presents the design and implementation of an autonomous fire suppression robotic system that integrates high-torque mobility, intelligent flame detection, and real-time monitoring using an ESP32-based architecture. The system is built on a durable full-metal chassis equipped with high-torque DC motors, enabling reliable operation in harsh and high-temperature environments. A multi-sensor infrared flame detection array provides directional awareness, allowing the robot to autonomously locate fire sources and execute a controlled approach strategy. Upon reaching the target, a water-based suppression mechanism with a servo-driven nozzle ensures effective coverage of the affected area. The incorporation of an ESP32-CAM module enables low-latency video streaming and remote supervision through a web-based interface, supporting both autonomous and manual control modes. The system operates on a self-contained wireless network, ensuring functionality even in the absence of external communication infrastructure. Experimental results demonstrate high detection accuracy, stable mobility under load, and efficient fire suppression performance, making the proposed system a cost-effective and robust solution for emergency response in hazardous environments.