GSM ENABLED EV BMS WITH CHARGE MONITORING AND FIRE PROTECTION

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) are rapidly emerging as a sustainable alternative to conventional fossil fuel-based transportation systems. The battery pack is the most critical component of an electric vehicle, serving as the primary energy source. However, lithium-ion batteries used in EVs are highly sensitive to operating conditions such as voltage, current, and temperature. Exposure to extreme conditions can lead to accelerated degradation, reduced lifespan, and in severe cases, thermal runaway resulting in fire hazards. Therefore, an effective Battery Management System (BMS) is essential to monitor and protect the battery pack throughout its operational life. This paper presents the design and implementation of a GSM-enabled Electric Vehicle Battery Management System with charge monitoring and fire protection capabilities. The proposed system continuously monitors critical battery parameters including voltage, current, and temperature using dedicated sensors interfaced with an Arduino Uno microcontroller. Real-time data is displayed on a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) for local monitoring. The system incorporates intelligent protection mechanisms including overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection, overcurrent protection, and thermal management. A relay-based circuit is employed to automatically disconnect the battery from the load when unsafe conditions are detected, thereby preventing damage and minimizing fire risks. The integration of GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) technology enables remote monitoring and real-time SMS alerts to the user whenever a fault condition is detected. This feature significantly enhances the safety and reliability of the system by allowing immediate response to critical events even when the vehicle is unattended. Experimental results demonstrate that the system accurately monitors battery parameters, detects fault conditions within 2-5 seconds, and successfully sends GSM alerts. The proposed system provides a costeffective, reliable, and scalable solution for battery management in electric vehicle applications, addressing key challenges in battery safety, performance optimization, and lifespan enhancement.