A CRITICAL REVIEW ON THE INFLUENCE OF FLY ASH, GGBS, CEMENT KILN DUST, WASTE PAPER PULP, AND RECYCLED AGGREGATES ON GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE PERFORMANCE

Abstract

Recent studies on geopolymer and mixed binder concretes using cement kiln dust (CKD), waste paper pulp (WPP), recycled coarse aggregate (RCA), and industrial byproducts fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) are summarized in this study. The objective is to compile a summary of the way these materials affect mechanical behavior, fresh characteristics, water absorption, permeability, chloride/sulfate resistance, freeze-thaw, alkali-silica reactions, and flexural strengths, as well as durability. In comparison to single-binder mixtures, regulated replacement amounts of fly ash and GGBS often enhance long-term strength and durability, according to documented data. On the other hand, CKD and WPP may be used as partial replacements if pretreated or washed and proportioned appropriately. While alkali-activated binders may improve paste quality, RCA can impair density and early-age strength to some extent. Lack of defined mix-design methods for multi-waste geopolymer systems, uneven pretreatment regimens for WPP and RCA, and little data on long-term field performance are important gaps. A harmonized experimental matrix and major test procedures are recommended at the conclusion of the study for future research to ensure reliable comparisons.