GENETIC TRANSFORMATION METHODS IN PLANTS- A REVIEW

Abstract

Plant transformation is currently a crucial research tool in plant biology and a useful technique for the growth of transgenic plants. There are numerous tested techniques for introducing novel genes steadily into the nuclear genomes of various plant species. Thus, for many plant species, the development and use of practical transformation methods are no longer constrained by gene transfer and regeneration of transgenic plants. Agrobacterium tumefaciens, particle bombardment, and DNA uptake into protoplasts are some of the traditional methods used to modify plant genetics. These techniques produce transgenic events that contain transgenes that are randomly incorporated into the plant genome. Many issues with the current methods of gene transfer are avoided by novel techniques that facilitate the integration of foreign genes at certain pre-determined places. Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeats have all become popular tools for gene targeting in recent years (CRISPR). The current review focuses on the many strategies for plant gene targeting and how well they work, and it makes recommendations for future research in key areas of plant molecular biology.