Physiological Signal-Based Pain Recognition Using a Hybrid CNN–BiLSTM–GRU Architecture. International Journal of Engineering Research and Science & Technology, [S. l.], v. 22, n. 1, p. 835–844, 2026. DOI: 10.62643/. Disponível em: https://ijerst.org/index.php/ijerst/article/view/1879. Acesso em: 11 nov. 2026.